Tuesday, June 30, 2015

Bharatanatyam - Indian_best_Bharathanatyam_dance

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

Etymology: Gk, kephale + L, pelvis, basin, dis, opposite of, proportio, similarity

an obstetric condition in which a baby's head is too large or a mother's birth canal too small to permit normal labor or birth. In relativeCPD, the size of the baby's head is within normal limits but larger than average or the size of the mother's birth canal is within normallimits but smaller than average, or both; relative CPD is often overcome by molding of the head, the forces of labor, or the use of forcepsto effect delivery. In absolute CPD, the baby's head is markedly or abnormally enlarged or the mother's birth canal is markedly orabnormally contracted, making vaginal delivery impossible. See also clinical pelvimetryx-ray pelvimetry.

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Monday, June 29, 2015

Thiruvilayadal - 6/13 - Sivaji Ganesan, Savitri - Tamil Super Hit Movie

Thiruvilayadal - 6/13 - Sivaji Ganesan, Savitri - Tamil Super Hit Movie

How the human brain works

எங்கே நிம்மதி எங்கே நிம்மதி எங்கே நிம்மதி எங்கே நிம்மதி அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் எங்கே நிம்மதி எங்கே நிம்மதி அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் . எங்கே மனிதர் யாரும் இல்லையோ அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் எங்கே நிம்மதி எங்கே நிம்மதி அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும்  அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும்  . எனது கைகள் மீட்டும் போது வீணை அழுகின்றது எனது கைகள் தழுவும் போது மலரும் சுடுகின்றது எனது கைகள் மீட்டும் போது வீணை அழுகின்றது எனது கைகள் தழுவும் போது மலரும் சுடுகின்றது என்ன நினைத்து என்னைப் படைத்தான் இறைவன் என்பவனே கண்ணைப் படைத்து பெண்ணைப் படைத்த இறைவன் கொடியவனே இறைவன் கொடியவனே எங்கே நிம்மதி எங்கே நிம்மதி அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும்  . பழைய பறவை போல ஒன்று பறந்து வந்ததே புதிய பறவை எனது நெஞ்சை மறந்து போனதே பழைய பறவை போல ஒன்று பறந்து வந்ததே புதிய பறவை எனது நெஞ்சை மறந்து போனதே என்னைக் கொஞ்சம் தூங்க வைத்தால்  வணங்குவேன் தாயே இன்று மட்டும் அமைதி தந்தால் உறங்குவேன் தாயே ஓ.. உறங்குவேன் தாயே எங்கே நிம்மதி எங்கே நிம்மதி அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும் அங்கே எனக்கோர் இடம் வேண்டும்

எங்கே நிம்மதி - Enge nimmathi

Sunday, June 21, 2015

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மாற்று திறனாளி பெண் ரசிகையின் ஆசையை நிறைவேற்றிய சுரேஷ்கோபி
திருவனந்தபுரம் கரமனையை சேர்ந்தவர் பிரியங்கா (வயது 17) மாற்று திறனாளியான இவருக்கு பார்வை திறன் குறைவு. மேலும் காதும் சரியாக கேட்காது.

இவரது பெற்றோர் இறந்து விட்டதால் தனது பெரியம்மா சரஸ்வதி பராமரிப்பில் வளர்ந்து வருகிறார். மாற்று திறனாளியாக இருந்தாலும் பிரியங்காவுக்கு இசையில் அதிக ஆர்வம் உண்டு.

குறிப்பாக தபேலா இசைக் கருவியை பிரியங்கா சிறப்பாக வாசிப்பதில் வல்லவர். இவர் அந்த பகுதியில் நடந்த ஒரு கோவில் விழாவில் இசை கச்சேரியில் தபேலா வாசித்தார். அவரது திறமையை பார்த்து வியந்தவர்கள் அவரை பாராட்டினர்.

அப்போது பிரியங்கா தான் பிரபல மலையாள நடிகர் சுரேஷ்கோபியின் ரசிகை என்றும் அவரை நேரில் பார்க்க மிகவும் ஆவலுடன் இருப்பதாகவும் குறிப்பிட்டார். மேலும் பின்னணி பாடகி சித்ராவை சந்திக்கவும் தனக்கு விருப்பம் என்று தெரிவித்தார்.

பிரியங்காவின் விருப்பம் பற்றி மலையாள பத்திரிகைகளில் வந்த செய்தியை நடிகர் சுரேஷ்கோபி பார்த்தார். உடனே அவர் பிரியங்காவின் ஆசையை நிறைவேற்ற முடிவு செய்தார். இதைத் தொடர்ந்து பிரியங்காவின் வீட்டிற்கு சுரேஷ்கோபி சென்றார்.

தனது வீட்டிற்கு திடீர் என வந்த சுரேஷ்கோபியை பார்த்த பிரியங்கா மகிழ்ச்சி அடைந்தார். தான் காண்பது கனவா? நனவா? என வியந்தார். அவரிடம் சுரேஷ்கோபி அன்புடன் பேசினார். அவரது இசை ஆர்வத்தை அறிந்த சுரேஷ்கோபி பிரியங்காவுக்கு தபேலாவை பரிசளிக்க விரும்புவதாக தெரிவித்தார்.

மேலும் பிரியங்காவின் இன்னொரு ஆசையான பின்னணி பாடகி சித்ராவை சந்திப்பதையும் தான் நிறைவேற்றி வைப்பதாக பிரியங்காவிடன் உறுதி அளித்து விட்டு அங்கிருந்து புறப்பட்டு சென்றார்.

அந்த பகுதிக்கு சுரேஷ்கோபி வந்த தகவல் பரவியதும் ஏராளமான ரசிகர்கள் அங்கு திரண்டதால் பரபரப்பு ஏற்பட்டது

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Maha Ganapathim

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Registration Date of Gopasadanam, Kumarapuram.

Date of Registration of the Gopa Sadanam, Kumarapuram Residence 31/05/1988 Tuesday in the morning.  K. Gopinathan  Retired Teacher, and B. Chandrika, Teacher of Sasthala School, Govt. UPS, Manalivila, Neyyattinkara with their own son G.C. Nanthakumar & Dear relatives were present. 

Vathapi Ganapathim Bhajeham by Dr. KJ Yesudas (55:49 minutes)

Wednesday, June 17, 2015

Health effects of endosulfan

 
Source: ATSDR

Introduction

Endosulfan is a man-made insecticide. It is used for control of a number of insects on such food crops as grains, tea, fruits, and vegetables and on such nonfood crops as tobacco and cotton. It is also used as a wood preservative.
Endosulfan is sold as a mixture of two different forms of the same chemical (referred to as alpha- and beta-endosulfan). It is a cream-to-brown-colored solid that may appear crystalline or be in flakes. It has a distinct odor similar to turpentine. Endosulfan does not burn.
Endosulfan enters air, water, and soil when it is manufactured or used as a pesticide. Endosulfan is often applied to crops using sprayers. Some endosulfan in the air may travel long distances before it lands on crops, soil, or water. Endosulfan on crops usually breaks down within a few weeks. Endosulfan released to soil attaches to soil particles. Endosulfan found near hazardous waste sites is usually found in soil. Some endosulfan in soil evaporates into air, and some endosulfan in soil breaks down. However, it may stay in soil for several years before it all breaks down. Rain water can wash endosulfan that is attached to soil particles into surface water. Endosulfan does not dissolve easily in water. Most endosulfan in surface water is attached to soil particles floating in the water or attached to soil at the bottom. The small amounts of endosulfan that dissolve in water break down over time. Depending on the conditions in the water, endosulfan may break down within 1 day or it may take several months. Some endosulfan in surface water evaporates into air and breaks down. Because it does not dissolve easily in water, only very small amounts of endosulfan are found in groundwater (water below the soil surface; for example, well water). Animals that live in endosulfan-contaminated waters can build up endosulfan in their bodies. The amount of endosulfan in their bodies may be several times greater than in the surrounding water.

Exposure to endosulfan

The most likely way for people to be exposed to endosulfan is by eating food contaminated with it. Endosulfan has been found in some food products such as oils and fats and fruit and vegetable products. You can also be exposed to low levels of endosulfan by skin contact with contaminated soil or by smoking cigarettes made from tobacco that has endosulfan residues on it. Well water and public water supplies are not likely sources of exposure to endosulfan. Workers can breathe in the chemical when spraying the insecticide on crops. Accidental spills and releases to the environment at hazardous waste disposal sites are also possible sources of exposure to endosulfan. The most likely exposure to endosulfan for people living near hazardous waste sites is through contact with soils containing it.
Endosulfan is usually not found in the air, and it is infrequently found in soil and water. When endosulfan is found in soil and water, levels of less than 1 part of endosulfan in 1 billion parts of surface water (ppb) and less than 1 part of endosulfan in 1 million parts of soil (ppm) have been reported.

Pathways for endosulfan in the body

The most likely way for people to be exposed to endosulfan is by eating food contaminated with it. Endosulfan has been found in some food products such as oils and fats and fruit and vegetable products. You can also be exposed to low levels of endosulfan by skin contact with contaminated soil or by smoking cigarettes made from tobacco that has endosulfan residues on it. Well water and public water supplies are not likely sources of exposure to endosulfan. Workers can breathe in the chemical when spraying the insecticide on crops. Accidental spills and releases to the environment at hazardous waste disposal sites are also possible sources of exposure to endosulfan. The most likely exposure to endosulfan for people living near hazardous waste sites is through contact with soils containing it.
Endosulfan is usually not found in the air, and it is infrequently found in soil and water. When endosulfan is found in soil and water, levels of less than 1 part of endosulfan in 1 billion parts of surface water (ppb) and less than 1 part of endosulfan in 1 million parts of soil (ppm) have been reported.

Health effects of endosulfan

Symptoms of endosulfan poisoning have been seen in some people who were exposed to very large amounts of this pesticide during its manufacture. Symptoms of endosulfan poisoning have also been seen in people who intentionally or accidentally ate or drank large amounts of endosulfan. Most of these people experienced convulsions or other nervous system effects. Some people who intentionally ate or drank large amounts of endosulfan died. The health effects in people exposed to smaller amounts of endosulfan for longer periods are not known. We have no information on whether it affects the ability of people to have children or whether it causes birth defects in children. We also do not know whether endosulfan has ever affected the ability of people to fight disease or has ever caused cancer in people. The Department of Health and Human Services (National Toxicology Program), the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and EPA have not classified endosulfan as to its carcinogenicity.
You should know that one way to learn whether a chemical will harm people is to determine how the bodyabsorbsuses, and releases the chemical. For some chemicals, animal testing may be necessary. Animal testing may also help identify such health effects as cancer or birth defects. Without laboratory animals, scientists would lose a basic method for getting information needed to make wise decisions that protect public health. Scientists have the responsibility to treat research animals with care and compassion. Scientists must comply with strict animal care guidelines because laws today protect the welfare of research animals.
Additionally, there are vigorous national and international efforts to develop alternatives to animal testing. The efforts focus on both in vitro and in silico approaches and methods. For example, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) created the NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) in 1998. The role of NICEATM is to serve the needs of high quality, credible science by facilitating development and validation—and regulatory and public acceptance—of innovative, revised test methods that reduce, refine, and replace the use of animals in testing while strengthening protection of human health, animal health and welfare, and the environment. In Europe, similar efforts at developing alternatives to animal based testing are taking place under the aegis of the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM).
Results from animal studies show that exposure to very large amounts of endosulfan for short periods of time can cause adverse nervous system effects (such as hyperexcitability, tremors, and convulsions) and death. Because the brain controls the activity of the lungs and heart, lethal or near lethal exposures in animals have also resulted in failure of these organs. Other effects seen in animals after short-term, high-level exposures include harmful effects on the stomach, blood, liver, and kidney. After somewhat longer exposures, the ability of animals to fight infection was also impaired. The kidney, testes, and possibly the liver are the only organs in laboratory animals affected by longer-term exposure to low levels of endosulfan. The seriousness of these effects is increased when animals are exposed to higher concentrations of endosulfan.
Studies in animals show no evidence that endosulfan causes cancer in animals. Studies in animals also show no evidence that endosulfan affects the ability of animals to have babies. Some studies show that large amounts of endosulfan damage the testes, but it is unknown whether such large amounts affect the ability of animals to reproduce. Pregnant animals given endosulfan by mouth had some offspring with low birth weight and length and some offspring with skeletal variations. In some cases, the pregnancies were terminated at an early stage. Often, these effects were seen at doses where the pregnant animals showed signs of poisoning by the endosulfan. Because these effects occurred in animals, they might also occur in humans.

Medical tests for exposure to endosulfan

Endosulfan and its breakdown products can be measured in your blood, urine, and body tissues if you have been exposed to a large amount. Tests to measure endosulfan in such bodily tissues or fluids are not usually available at a doctor's office because special equipment is needed for measuring endosulfan and its breakdown products. However, a sample taken in the doctor's office can be properly packed and shipped to a special laboratory if necessary. Because endosulfan leaves the body fairly quickly, these methods are useful only for finding exposures that have occurred within the last few days. At this time, these methods can only be used to prove that a person has been exposed to endosulfan. The test results cannot be used to predict if you will have any adverse health effects. Exposure at the same time to other chemicals at hazardous waste sites could cause some confusion in understanding these results.

Further Reading

Disclaimer: This article is taken wholly from, or contains information that was originally published by, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Topic editors and authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth may have edited its content or added new information. The use of information from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original content.

Citation

(2008). Health effects of endosulfan. Retrieved from http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/153376

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Monday, June 15, 2015

Export of Endosulfan allowed


export.jpg
HIL to take the lead
The Supreme Court today ordered the export of technical grade (raw) endosulfan. The three judge bench comprising chief justice SH Kapadia, justice K S P Radhakrishnan and justice Swatantar Kumar passed the order on December 13.
The manufacture, sale, use and export of endosulfan was banned by the apex court on May 13 this year. On September 30, the Supreme Court had allowed the exports of endosulfan for which orders had already been received. In November, the respondents, that is the Pesticides Manufacturers and Formulators Association of India (PMFAI), asked for permission to  export the remaining stocks of 2698.56 KL of formulations. They wanted to export it after making it into exportable form and repackaging them for exporters.
The Supreme Court has allowed that now. But the exports will be carried out the Hindustan Insecticides Limited (HIL), which is a government of India enterprise. It is for HIL to now decide on how much endosulfan they can export. The surplus amounts will then be exported by Coromandel International Limited and Excel Crop Care. The quantum of export will be decided by the HIL in consultation with the other manufacturers. No deadline has been set for this by the court. This order makes it clear that the court definitely is not in favour of endosulfan being used within India.

image

The expired endosulfan stocks were put into special UN-certified drums. Next steps will be detoxification and disposal (Photo: Habib Rehman)


KERALA has started disposing of expired stocks of endosulfan. A task force, chaired by deputy collector of Kasaragod district, started Operation Blossom Spring at a Plantation Corporation of Kerala (PCK) godown in Kasaragod on June 17.
In Periye, six barrels of expired endosulfan stock were transferred into UN-certified high density polyethylene drums for safe packing. Samples of the pesticide were sent to Hindustan Insecticides Limited (HIL) and state pollution control board for analysis. After analysis, the stocks will be detoxified and then disposed of. Similar exercises were done the following days at PCK’s other two godowns in Rajapuram and Cheemeni estates. Nearly 1,400 litres of endosulfan was found stocked in the three godowns after ban on the use of pesticide in Kerala in 2001.
Endosulfan was banned in cashew plantations in Kasaragod after studies showed its aerial spraying was severely affecting the health of the people living in and around the plantations. Kasaragod is still reeling from the serious health impacts of 20 years of aerial spraying. It has affected nearly 4,280 people, killed 734 and made 66 bedridden, according to a 2012 state report.
When the godown at the Cheemeni estate was opened, not a single drop of endosulfan was found in the barrel; it had solidified. “The godowns reeked of endosulfan. Clearly, it had leaked. The soil, sacks, wood, saw dust and a few other things that were kept in the godown have been taken for decontamination and disposal,” says Mohammed Asheel, task force convener of Operation Blossom Spring. The first stage of safeguarding the site has been done. “The next step will be environment friendly disposal,” adds Asheel. The lab results are expected within a month and then a decision will be taken on the disposal. “Once we are sure of what the endosulfan stock has converted to—alpha endosulfan, beta endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate or diode—they can be taken to secure landfills. The results will also tell if these are endosulfan alone or a cocktail of pesticides,” says C Jayakumar of Thanal, a non-profit working in the endosulfan-affected areas in Kerala. Another option the task force is toying with is to send the stocks to the pollution control board which can identify facilities for disposal, he adds.
With the first stage of the operation completed, the task force—set up by the state agriculture minister K P Mohanan in April—has also asked the district retailers and farmers to bring in any leftover stock for safe disposal.
Referring to the operation, Asheel says, “This is a rare incident when the detoxification of endosulfan is being done with complete transparency and public participation.” The operation was carried out in compliance with the guidelines of WHO, FAO and UN’s Stockholm Convention on handling persistent organic pollutants. Consultations were held with HIL and Kerala Enviro Infrastructure Limited for the management of the waste that would be produced after detoxifying. The state has formed a monitoring committee to keep a tab on how the disposal is being carried out. Jayakumar is one of the members of the committee.
The task force was constituted to allay the concerns of the residents who complained of foul smell from the godowns at Periye and Cheemeni estates last year. The smell was due to the leaking rusted steel drums containing expired endosulfan. It was found that neither of the three godowns had storekeepers, fire safety equipment or first-aid kits. These godowns are located near villages, water bodies and farms. Before the operation began, the task force had decided not to open the godowns because it could cause contamination.
District collector V N Jithendran, who reviewed the godowns on June 19, has asked the task force to prepare a draft report of the final phase of the detoxification process.

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KERALA has started disposing of expired stocks of endosulfan. A task force, chaired by deputy collector of Kasaragod district, started Operation Blossom Spring at a Plantation Corporation of Kerala (PCK) godown in Kasaragod on June 17.
In Periye, six barrels of expired endosulfan stock were transferred into UN-certified high density polyethylene drums for safe packing. Samples of the pesticide were sent to Hindustan Insecticides Limited (HIL) and state pollution control board for analysis. After analysis, the stocks will be detoxified and then disposed of. Similar exercises were done the following days at PCK’s other two godowns in Rajapuram and Cheemeni estates. Nearly 1,400 litres of endosulfan was found stocked in the three godowns after ban on the use of pesticide in Kerala in 2001.
Endosulfan was banned in cashew plantations in Kasaragod after studies showed its aerial spraying was severely affecting the health of the people living in and around the plantations. Kasaragod is still reeling from the serious health impacts of 20 years of aerial spraying. It has affected nearly 4,280 people, killed 734 and made 66 bedridden, according to a 2012 state report.
When the godown at the Cheemeni estate was opened, not a single drop of endosulfan was found in the barrel; it had solidified. “The godowns reeked of endosulfan. Clearly, it had leaked. The soil, sacks, wood, saw dust and a few other things that were kept in the godown have been taken for decontamination and disposal,” says Mohammed Asheel, task force convener of Operation Blossom Spring. The first stage of safeguarding the site has been done. “The next step will be environment friendly disposal,” adds Asheel. The lab results are expected within a month and then a decision will be taken on the disposal. “Once we are sure of what the endosulfan stock has converted to—alpha endosulfan, beta endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate or diode—they can be taken to secure landfills. The results will also tell if these are endosulfan alone or a cocktail of pesticides,” says C Jayakumar of Thanal, a non-profit working in the endosulfan-affected areas in Kerala. Another option the task force is toying with is to send the stocks to the pollution control board which can identify facilities for disposal, he adds.
With the first stage of the operation completed, the task force—set up by the state agriculture minister K P Mohanan in April—has also asked the district retailers and farmers to bring in any leftover stock for safe disposal.
Referring to the operation, Asheel says, “This is a rare incident when the detoxification of endosulfan is being done with complete transparency and public participation.” The operation was carried out in compliance with the guidelines of WHO, FAO and UN’s Stockholm Convention on handling persistent organic pollutants. Consultations were held with HIL and Kerala Enviro Infrastructure Limited for the management of the waste that would be produced after detoxifying. The state has formed a monitoring committee to keep a tab on how the disposal is being carried out. Jayakumar is one of the members of the committee.
The task force was constituted to allay the concerns of the residents who complained of foul smell from the godowns at Periye and Cheemeni estates last year. The smell was due to the leaking rusted steel drums containing expired endosulfan. It was found that neither of the three godowns had storekeepers, fire safety equipment or first-aid kits. These godowns are located near villages, water bodies and farms. Before the operation began, the task force had decided not to open the godowns because it could cause contamination.
District collector V N Jithendran, who reviewed the godowns on June 19, has asked the task force to prepare a draft report of the final phase of the detoxification process.